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The lecture traces how the large Education for All campaigns transformed parental responsibilities, not only in terms ofthe costs of enrolment and the maintenance of schools, but also in terms of other changes in children's life courses, which are related to their schooling trajectories under difficult conditions. Alongside parental responsibilities for schooling, responsibilities for marriage, child birth, fostering of grandchildren, and additional apprenticeship for sons and daughters are increasing as well. Different from previous generations, marriage and schooling are no longer seen as alternative parental investments in children's futures. Instead, parents of today have become responsibilized for multiplicities of supporting children in their uncertain trajectories of making a living. In this perspective, Education for All is taken as an alibi that veils the absence of the state in sufficiently covering the costs for formal education, as well its responsibilty for the increasing lack of job opportunities for which formal education is required.